Generating systems and methods

ABSTRACT

The method and apparatus for the conversion of pollution contributing materials into non-pollution contributing substance and the utilization of the heat generated thereby for the generation of useful energy.

United States Patent H 1 3,706,288 Peterson, Adolphe C. 1 51 Dec. 19, 1972 [54] GENERATING SYSTEMS AND 2,033,685 3/1936 Coutant ..110/15 METHQDS 2,389,077 11/1945 Peterson et a1. ..110/10 2,537,467 1/1951 Komline ,.1 10/8 [72] Inventor; Peterson, Adolphe C., Minneapolis, 3,223,058 12/1965 Tanner 110/10 Minn 3,310,009 3/1967 Jacobs ..l10/8 3,397,677 8/1968 Moegling ..122/2 [73] Assignee: Garbalizer Corporation of America,

Salt Lake City, Utah Primary Examiner-Kenneth W. Sprague [22] Filed: June 22, 1970 [21] Appl. No; 48,189

I I [57] ABSTRACT [52 us. Cl ..110/1 0, 122/2 T method and apparatus f r, he nv rsi n f p01- [51] Int. Cl..-., ..F23g 5/12 lution contributing materials into PQU [58] Field of Search 110 8 l0 122/2 tributing substance and the utilization of the heat generated thereby for the generation of useful energy.

[56] References Cited I 16 Claims, 9 Drawing Figures UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,029,576 2/1936 Kolb ..110/15 PATENTED BEE 19 3 706 288 SHEET w or a GENERATING SYSTEMS AND METHODS My invention relates especially to power generating systems and methods and has especial reference to such systems in association with materials conversion systems, and is called Generating Systems and Methods.

The chief object in this invention is the provision of an apparatus and method in connection for the utilization of such varied sources of materials as are found in wastes produced in some industrial processes and especially such materials as are contained in some sludges, so that such combustibles as have energy potential may contribute to production of power energy and so that such utilization may in the process be converted to non-harmful elements or compounds which may not contribute to pollution or at least may so contribute in merely a very minor way.

A chief object is the provision of a new and more useful apparatus for conversion of the pollution contributing materials into non-pollution contributing substance. This objective of the apparatus provides a method of conversion which utilizes a novel means and method of conversion of waste materials into other elements or substances so that destruction of the pollution materials is thereby so thorough that the resultant material is relatively harmless and also may be a conversion into substances such as may have usefulness by utility for other combinations or utility.

The apparatus and method involves several steps in the process as will hereinafter be described. In the accompanying drawings which illustrate my invention method involves several different forms, like characters refer to like parts in the several views and description in so far as is practible.

Referring to the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a plan view on a-relatively small scale of a plant involving my invention.

FIG. 2 is a view in vertical cross-section on the line 2-2 of FIG. 1, this view being on a somewhat larger scale than that of FIG. 1 and showing a vertical cross section on line 2-2 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a horizontal cross section on the line 3-3 of FIG. 2 showing especially air supply conduits and spouts and an operating element 25 in plan view as seen below the cross-section.

FIG. 4 is a horizontal section on line 4-4 of FIG. 2 showing especially vertically located channels in crosssection and also vertical conduits for hot gases in crosssection.

FIG. 5 is a cross-section on line 5-5 of FIG. 2 showing especially conveyor means for material of carbonaceous character.

FIG. 6 is a cross-section on line 66 of FIG. 2 to show flowpath of hot gases, in part thereof.

FIG. 7 is a view in vertical cross-section (similar to that of FIG. 2) on line 7-7 of FIG. 8, showing a modified form of the supply system for materials.

FIG. 8 is a cross section on line 8-8 of FIG. 7 showing a plan view of a measuring means below conveyor 21.

FIG. 9 is a cross-section through axis of a rotating measuring (metering means as used in several places in this modified form.

Referring to FIGS. 1-6 both inclusive, which show one form, there is shown in FIG. 1 a general plant plan which embodies a so-called combustion unit and a generation unit in connection therewith. This combustion unit, as shown in vertical cross-section in FIG.

2, embodies a primary combustion chamber 1 and a secondary combustion combustion chamber 2.

There are intermediately of the primary and secondary combustion chambers hot gas passages which are called channels or passages and are designated 3 and 4 and there are on opposite sides of a heating channel 5 which isvertically stationed and has steel or other heat resistant walls 6 between which there is the heating channel 5, the walls 6 forming solid barrier to fluid flow from heating channel 5, sidewisely. The heating channel 5 has at its lowest bottom end a discharge slot 7 which may otherwise be called discharge spout and this spout is narrow in cross section but is approximately as long as the heating channel 5 is horizontally, this discharge spout 7 providing for flow downwardly and outwardly of heating channel 5 into primary combustion chamber 1 near or at the top of combustion chamber 1. On the outward sides of heating channel 5 thereare the hot gas passages 3 and 4, respectively and on the outward side of the outward walls of the hot gas channels 3 and 4, there are the carbonaceous fuel channels 8 and 9, so placed that the other channels 3, 4, 5, are located between them and so that accordingly there may be some heat flow from the hot gases in channels 3 and 4 to the carbonaceous fuel passing downwardly in channels 8 and 9. The channels 8 and 9 discharge the carbonaceous fuel into the primary combustion chamber 1 to space thereof on either side of the space to which heating chamber 5 discharges; all of the channels 5 and 8 and 9 discharging to primary combustion chamber 1. The walls at either side of the primary combustion chamber 1 are inclined to the vertical and converge toward each other so that there is a tendency of the carbonaceous fuel to move toward the center of the trough formed by the converging walls.

At the upper ends of channels 8 and 9, respectively, there are horizontally placed and parallel conveyor cylinders 10 and 11 in which screw conveyors 12, 13, respectively, drive rotationally the screw conveyors 12, 13, to thereby supply carbonaceous fuel through channels 8, 9, to slots 18, 19, and thereby to primary combustion chamber 1.

The heating channel 5 has above it a horizontal cylindrical conduit 20 in which a horizontally placed screw conveyor 21 rotates being driven by electric motor 22 to move sludge material, containing some combustible solids, from hopper 23 and to the upper end of heating channel 5 so the material may then enter and flow slowly downwardly in channel 5 absorbing heat by transfer from hot gases in channels 3, 4, through walls 6, the material being thereby converted to steam, relatively dry, and to solids particles, also relatively dry.

The walls of combustion chamber 1 slope and converge downwardly to form the narrowed long space horizontally above discharge channel 24 wherein measuring vane rotor 25 rotates as driven by electric motor 26 to thereby discharge such ash as is formed into ashwell 27.

Primary air conduits 28, 29, are formed on sides of combustion chamber 1 and have long narrow spouts 30, 31, delivering to combustion chamber 1 at a location at sides of combusting material in the combustion chamber 1 and this primary air is supplied from conduits 32 under low pressure as hereinafter described,

more specifically.

The secondary combustion chamber 2 is supplied with a mixture of gaseous fluid as hereinafter described, which is supplied by conduit 33 and is under low pressure. The conduit 33 supplies a widely extended gaseous fluid spout means 34 by which the secondary oxygen gaseous fluid, containing air or air and oxygen, as interjected to it, is distributed in the hot incompletely combustedgases flowing through secondary combustion chamber 2, to be combusted in combustion chamber 2. The secondary combustion chamber 2 is the passage by which the hot gases of the combustion chamber], after passage through hot gas channels (or passages) 3 and 4 and reception of oxygen containing fluid from conduit 33 and fluid spout means 34, flow to the furnace chamber 35 and thereby through flue space of flue tubes 36, this this space being a part of high temperature generator 37.

The hot gases flowing out of flues 36 pass through conductive space 38 and thereby through flue space 39 of the primary generator 40. The hot gases emerging from primary generator 40 flow through circuit 41 to hot gas space in air-preheater 42 where the combustion air is given initial heating in tube 43 which receives air at 44 from external atmosphere by conduit 43a and passes the initially heated air from tubes 43 and conduit 43a to conduits 32 and thereby to primary combustion chamber 1, by spouts 30, 31.

A branch pipe 45, having interposed valve 46 for control, may also pass heated air from conduit 32a into conduit 33. The conduit 32a has conductively interposed in it a low pressure air pump-compressor 47 operated by controllable variable speed electric motor 48 and produces some suction through tubes 43 at air entrance 44 so that there is enough low pressure to cause flow to conduits 32 and 45 and thereby primarily to air spouts 30, 31, and also to spout means 34 as controlled by valve 46.

The conduit 33 also forms conductive connection between spout'means 34 and an oxygen supply means 49 as controlled by valve means 50. The supply means 49 is by any manner such as is well known capable of supplying gaseous oxygen under pressure to conduit 33 and spout means 34. The valves mentioned provide means by which at any time the flow of air and fluid oxygen to spout means 34 may be varied and proportioned so that at any time there may be increased or diminished proportionate supply of oxygen. In any case the quantity of flow of air and oxygen by spout means 34 to combustion chamber 2 may be and is limited to approximately that proportionate quantity required for complete combustion of gases received in combustion chamber 2, as hereinafter further explained.

The primary generator 40 receives water or other vaporizable or expandable work fluid (gas or liquid), according to construction or use, from condensor supply unit 51 pumped by pump 52 driven by electric controlled variable speed motor 53 delivered by pipe 54 to generator 40. The primary generator 40 delivers the work fluid by conductive conduit 55 to the secondary high temperature generator 37 which steam or evaporated or heated and pressurized work fluid is delivered by pipe 57 to'high pressure fluid turbine 58 which drives electric generator 59 (or other appliance) and exhausts by conduit 60 to condensor supply unit 51 and by conduit 56 as a return to the generator system by pump 52.

The combustion gases leaving the primary generator by conduit 6l,.after heat transfer in heat transfer means 42 to air passing by conduit 43 to pump 47 and ultimately to combustion chamber 1, flows by conduit 62 and interposed gas pump 63 to smoke stack 64 and therefrom upwardly into atmospheric air. The pump 63 serves to create some suction on the combustion gases progressing in the system, so that the normal flow of combustion air to primary combustion chamber 1 is maintained and so that there is no outward flow by means of the hoppers which have been described.

Motor 65 drives pump 63.

The measuring vane rotor 25 has troughs formed by the vanes and as the vane rotor 25 rotates ashes may drop into the troughs and thereby to ash pit 27. Rotor has periodic or constant rotation as procured by electric motor 26 which is a controllable variable speed drive motor so that removal of ash may be as necessary in any construction.

Hoppers 65, one for each screw conveyor 12 and 13, may have any fuel supply and this fuel supply willin any manner (not shown) be maintained so the hoppers are full of the fuel or at least by a constant supply and source of continuous fuel supply.

The construction of the systems, having been described, in detail, the general operation and use will now be described. A major heat source in the systems will be a carbonaceous fuel such as anthracite or bituminous coal or charcoal, preferably a carbonaceous fuel which is low in sulphur content or free from sulphur content.

The channel 20 and screw conveyor 21 will be supplied with a secondary material flow by hopper 23 which will in use be supplied by any type of conveyor means such as traveling belt conveyor or crane conveyor means or pneumatically blown, conveyor means or otherwise, such conveyor means being not shown as it will be in any particular well known manner. The secondary material would be any such waste material as may exist or be produced in any industrial manufacture or process or such as may be produced in any municipal or industrial or commercial sewage plant and is in some manner to be disposed of by conversion or otherwise. The intention is primarily usage of the system for conversion of sewage sludges as are formed in sewage plant systems and or such combustible sludges as may be formed in industrial processes or in sewage plants, especially, there are formed sewage sludges which contain combustible waste material and water as moisture or flow liquid, and are freed of things such as metal scrapby screening. Sewage sludge is formed in large quantity in municipal plants and the systems and methods .as presented in this specification can quickly dispose of such sludge in such manner that then the entire municipal sewage disposal process may be more easily and quickly and economically converted and disposed of to thereby relieve such plants of such of their construction cost and maintenance expense, so that such disposals is more sanitary in nature and forms less of pollution of environment.

The hoppers 14 and 15 being supplied with carbonaceous material as fuel and the hopper 21 being supplied with sludge material as stated, the motors driving the conveyors and the pumps being operated, there is then flow of carbonaceous fuel to combustion chamber 1 and there is flow of sludge material to channel S and downwardly therein and there is flow of air of atmosphere at 44 into the conduit 43a to spouts 30 and 31 to primary combustion chamber 1 and there is flow of heated air by pipe 45 and spouts 34 to secondary combustion chamber 2. lnitial start of combustion may be made in any manner and by form of ignition of the carbonaceous fuel.

In initiating operation the flow by channel 5 should be delayed until there is good primary combustion of the carbonaceous fuel in combustion chamber 1 and so walls of channel 5 are heated. When primary combustion of carbonaceous fuel is adequate for heating channel 5 the flow of secondary material, as moisture contained combustible matter, is initiated and the result will be heating of secondary material in channel 5 so moisture therein is converted to steam and this steam will carry with it as particles of solids the secondary material contained and this flow will emerge continuously from spout 7 and strike on and into the combusting carbonaceous fuel. Such flow and admixture of sludge steam and solids with the highly heated carbonaceous fuel in combustion chamber 1 will, flow of air by spouts 30, 31, being then diminished by decreasing speed of air pump 47, result in incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuel and formation of carbon monoxide and hydrogen and also some small portion of methane, and such gases as produced will flow by channels 3, 4, to secondary combustion chamber 2, also heating channel 5 in passage, and in secondary combustion chamber 2 there will then be a continuous supply of air or air and oxygen, and the combustion of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane gases will be completed and the solid particles of the sludge will then be completely combusted and highly heated gases, carbon dioxide, CO will pass into tubes 36 of secondary generator 37, and flow from there to tubes 39 of primary generator and therefrom to the heat transfer unit 42 and to smoke stack 64 to upper atmosphere.

By this primary and secondary process there is an increased combustion and heat over that of the carbonaceous fuel material alone, and therefore production of large quantity high temperature heat for heat transfer to the work fluid, in the primary and secondary combustion chambers 1 and 2, so that highly heated pressurized fluid is produced and may be used in turbine 58 to drive electric generator 59, to produce a supply of electric current which may be used for industrial or home supply or for general electric current lines for power, light, or heat. The systems and methods of this invention may be used in very large municipal plants for disposal of waste matter and simultaneous generation of electric power current, but it is also contemplated that the systems and methods thereof may also be used in individual residential communities as residential complexes and for supply of heat for such residential homes or complexes, as well as also supply of electric current.

There are presently available devices for automatic control of combustion in furnaces and generator means and flow of materials and fluids, and it is contemplated that any such means may be adapted for use and control of flow of the various supply means in my systens, so there may be proper and adequate flow to maintain the process, it being noted that the valve means shown and the specification of controllable variable speed motors for operation of devices, comprehends the use of any devices to maintain the proper flow of the carbonaceous fuel and also the flow of the secondary material, such as sludge or any combustible wastes especially such as contain moisture and combustible solids as particles. The science of gas production from carbonaceous fuel has been well known, and such science has included knowledge of and use of devices for control of flow of materials used such as fuel, air, and moisture.

Referring now to the form of my systems and methods as inFlGS. 7 and 8, this form includes as a combustion system, a somewhat different assemblage of combustion chambers and generator apparatus.

In this form, the primary combustion chamber 1 and secondary combustion chamber 2 are arranged so that combustion chamber 2 is directly vertically above the upper ends of channels 3 and 4 and the secondary material conveyor 21, and so that the generator, in this form a coil generator, is directly above the combustion chamber 2. This results in a somewhat simpler form of association of the various elements and units.

In this form the carbonaceous fuel hoppers 14a and 15a are at the sides of channels 3 and 4 and extended the full length of channels 3 and 4 horizontally. Heat insulation means (not shown) may be placed between the hoppers 14a and 15a, as may be neccessary, to pre-vent excessive heating of the fuel in the hoppers 14a and 15a although it should be noted, the suction of the smoke blower 63a, propelling exhaust gases to the smoke stack 64a (broken away) should be such that any flow of gases produced in the hoppers will be towards and into combustion chamber 1. The length of hoppers 14a, 15a, vertically may be limited, in proportion to vertical extent of channels 3 and 4 that excess heating in the hoppers is averted.

The measuring vane rotors 12a and 13a, have vanes substantially parallel to axis of rotation and the speed of rotation controls flow of carbonaceous fuel to combustion chamber 1. The air and oxygen flow may be as in the first form, as described. In either of the forms of my systems, the rotor structure 21 constitutes a measuring delivery device for delivery of a measured quantity of the secondary material per unit of time, and by the control of the controllaable motor driving it, the speed, as it may be varied, produces flow according to need, to maintain the process of conversion into combustible gases. The secondary material flows downward in channel 5. The material is highly heated and produces a dry steam (or gases) and produces also dry particles of the combustible material in the secondary material. Thus the dry steam and gas and dry solids particles are, asthey are ejected and sprayed out of channel 5 through spout 7 into combustion chamber 1, are in the best condition for reaction with the hot carbonaceous material in combustion chamber 1 and for combustion of the solid particles in chamber 1 and 2.

The screw conveyors 12 and 13 deliver carbonaceous material in measured quantity as neccesary to maintain the very hot condition of carbonaceous material in combustion chamber 1 so that the condition for reaction to form carbon monooxide, and some methane or other hydrocarbon and hydrogen is produced and maintained. The blowers 63 and 47 are controlled to maintain flow of air in proper quantity and proportion for incomplete combustion in combustion chamber 1. The air supply to conduit 33 is proportioned by valve means 46 so air is in proportioned quantity, and oxygen gas from oxygen supply 49 is controlled by valve means 50, so that air or air plus oxygen supply by spout means 34 to combustion chamber 2 is of a sufficient quantitative and proportionate flow to supply and effect complete combustion of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, solid particles as they flow from combustion chamber 1 through channels 3 and 4 into combustion chamber 2 and as produced in combustion chamber 1. The proportions of air and oxygen g'as flowing from conduit 33 by spouts 34 to combustion chamber 2 are as is determined in any construction to be most effective for the system and as may be most advantageous for combustion of any particular secondary material at any particular plant and generator means. The objective in any particular plant construction should be to attain most effective complete combustion and destruction of the pollution forming solids particles and also the pollution forming moisture of the secondary material used in the system, while also maintaining that condition of operation which will most economically and adequately produce heat and generation of the heated work fluid used in the generators 37 and 40 or 40a as in FIG. 7.

The systems and methods device requires control for the various flows of materials and fluids, and such control maybe either automatic or manual of any kind. The controllable variable speed motors and valve means shows in diagrammatic manner such control means as elements or functions to symbolically include such means, as means to secure the fundamental process intended to be included in the device and process.

The term carbonaceous fuel or carbonaceous matter or material is contemplated to mean utilization of the systems and methods with use of carbon containing material. While anthracite coal is one preferred such material as the primary material, such substances as coke, charcoal, peat may be and in some constructions such material as petroleum or petroleum derivatives may be used. Hydrocarbons may be used. The various matering devices may be modified as neccessary to facilitate use of such varied gases or materials.

The structure which has been described is intended to and should as to each part thereof, particularly as to relative location of any part as to the others be such that the neccessary chemical reactions, as combustion, reduction, or decomposition of material and gases, will be procured and induced and maintained. To this end there may be either constant or intermittant introduction to the combustion chamber 1 of either or both of the substances for combustion or reaction, fuel or moisture contained matter, and there may be constant or intermittent flow of .either air supply or oxygen supply, so that primary combustion is maintained sub- Stantially as neccessary for neccessary heat of combustion in combustion chamber 1.

Such guidance or projection of combustion materials and air or gases should be that which will result in the reactions involved in the process, which is substantially of the nature of combustion and reaction in combustion chamber 1 as involved in the formation of water-gas, as commonly used.

There will be involved two chief reactions; respectingthe reduction or decomposition of material of the secondary material character. These reactions involve, as one class, the reaction caused by the combustion of the solids particles of the secondary materia'L. By the combustion carbon dioxide is created and that carbon dioxide under the heat and insufficient supply of oxygen in combustion chamber 1, is reduced to carbon monoxide, thus forming a combustiblegas from the particles of solids combustible matter. The other involved reduction reaction is that occurring in the decomposition of the steam sprayed into combustion chamber 1 from channel 5 through spout 7, and in the reaction the steam contacts the very hot carbon in combustion chamber 1, so that there is formation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (possibly other hydrocarbons) according to the reaction known as C plus H equals-CO plus H (C plus H O equals CO plus H The first named reaction results from combustion of carbonaceous fuel and also combustion of solids particles of the secondary material from channel 5 and is according to the reaction known asCO plus C equals 2C0.

The location of fuel introduction and air introduction to .combustion chamber'l will be such, in any construction, will be such to in the most effective manner procure the reactions above set out, incombustion chamber 1, and thereby most efflcient production of combustible gases to pass to combustion chamber 2 for complete combustion in combustion chamber 2 and production of heat. The construction of combustion chamber 1, especially, and the movement of materials and air into and in combustion chamber 1 should be such as to effect in use, the conversion of material and formation of gases in most effective manner, and result, especially with regard to destruction of pollution materials, To this end the form and movements of metering elements and means as may be required and dimensions of combustion chamber 1 and entry locations should be as deemed neccessary, especially the channel 5, walls 6, spout 7 should project at least as deeply into the hot fuel bed as is found to be best to procure the specified reactions and decompositions and combustion, as has been specified.

While the process and method is especially for use of sewage sludge, as commonly designated, as the secondary material, in some constructions and uses the proportion of moisture in secondary material may be the major matter thereof rather than the combustible solids particles, the process being then largely for the destruction and use of polluted liquids of sewage plants, the liquids of sewage being then used chiefly for the formation of combustible gases as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and such other gases as are formed for combustion in combustion chamber 2. The pollution liquids of sewage plants may be used in means corresponding to channel 5 and converted as described and combusted in combustion chamber 2.

l have included as elements or units in the'description of my system and methods, but contemplate that other devices and combinations of devices may be used in the realization of my invention, without departing from the intent, comprehension and spirit thereof.

What I claim is:

l.'Apparatus for the production of heat for heat utilization means including primary combustion chamber means, secondary combustion chamber means; primary supply means to deliver carbonaceous fuel to the primary combustion chamber means; secondary supply means to deliver moisture containing combustible matter to the primary combustion chamber means; heat transfer means included in the secondary supply means and formed to have adjacent channels in heat transfer relation byintermediatewalls; a part of the adjacent channels forming passage in the secondary supply means through which themoisture contained combustible matter passes to absorb heat, a part of the adjacent channels forming passage between the primary combustion chamber means and the secondary combustion chamber means for passage of gases formed in the primary combustion chamber means, the gases in passing releasing part of their heat for transfer through the intermediate walls to the moisture contained combustible matter; supply of oxygen containing fluid as air to the primary combustion chamber means for limited combustion therein; supply of oxygen containing fluid as air to the secondary combustion chamber means to support substantially complete combustion of gases or particles of combustible matter passing therein from the primary combustion chamber means; discharge means from the secondary combustion chamber means to deliver gases to utilization means.

2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 and; said adjacent channels being formed between parallel walls of heat conductive material and including at least one channel for passage of moisture contained combustible matter, and at least one channel for passing of hot gases from said primary combustion chamber means; the supply means for supply of carbonaceous fuel having measuring means to deliver carbonaceous fuel in measured quantity per unit of time; the supply of moisture contained matter having measuring means to deliver moisture contained combustible matter in measured quantity per unit oftime.

3. Apparatus for production of heat for heat utilization means and comprising: primary combustion chamber means, secondary combustion chamber means; heat transfer channels between the primary combustion chamber means and the secondary combustion means with heat transfer walls intermediately of the channels by which there is some heat transfer, primary supply means and metering means by which there is measured delivery of carbonaceous fuel to the primary combustion chamber means per unit of time; secondary supply means and metering means by which there is measured delivery of moisture contained matter to one end of part of said heat transfer channels and thereby to the primary combustion chamber means after heat absorption; part of said heat transfer channels forming connection passage between the primary combustion chamber means and the secondary combustion chamber means for passage of hot gases from the primary combustion chamber means to the secondary combustion chamber means; primary air supply to the primary combustion chamber means; secondary oxygen contained fluidsupply to the secondary combustion chamber means; means by which ash is removed from the primary combustion chamber means.

4. The apparatus as defined in claim 3, and: heat utilization means to receive hot gases from the secondary combustion chamber means; heat transfer means for removal of at least part of remainder heat after heat utilization in the heat utilization means; said last named heat transfer means including means whereby the heat so removed is absorbed by the air inducted as air supply.

5. The apparatus as defined in claim 3 and; work fluid generation means by which a work fluid is heated and pressuregenerated by hot gases received by heat transfer from the secondary combustion chamber means ;heat conversion by which a major part of heat of the work fluid is converted to kinetic energy; work fluid contraction means in association with air induction means by which heat of work fluid, after kinetic energy production, is abstracted from the work fluid for absorption by air inducted by the air induction means for the air supply means for passage to the primary combustion chamber means for combustion therein.

6, The means as defined in claim 1 having association and relation such that moisture of the material of the secondary supply means is heated sufficiently to convert the moisture contained therein to volatized hot fluid for ejection with any matter contained therein to the primary combustion chamber.

7. The apparatus as defined in claim 3 and there being controlled limitation of the primary supply of oxygen contained fluid to the primary combustion chamber with a resultant reaction occurrence producing reaction between hot carbon in the primary combustion chamber and the moisture fluid to convert at least a part of such material to carbon monoxide and hydrogen or hydrogen contained material as gaseous matter for delivery to the secondary combustion chamber.

8. An apparatus for heat and power generation comprising: a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a means for delivery of carbonaceous material to the primary combustion chamber and means for delivery of air to the primary combustion chamber for limited incomplete combustion of the carbonaceous material therein; a means for delivery of moisture containing material to the primary combustion chamber in quantity for heat reaction with hot carbonaceous material in the primary combustion chamber to produce gaseous combustible fluids; conductive means passing the gasesformed in the primary combustion chamber to the secondary combustion chamber and means delivering gases containing oxygen at least as a portion thereof to support combustion of the combustible gases received from the primary combustion chamber in the secondary combustion chamber; and utilization means comprising, work fluid heat absorption and kinetic energy production means utilizing expansion of work fluid therein and received from the work fluid heat absorption.

9. An apparatus for heat production comprising: a a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a means for delivery of carbonaceous material to the primary combustion chamber and means for delivery of air to the primary combustion chamber for limited incomplete combustion of the carbonaceous material therein; a means fordelivery of moisture containing combustible material to the primary combustion chamber in quantity for heat reaction with hot carbonaceous material in the primary combustion chamber to produce gaseous combustible fluids; conductive means passing the gases formed in the primary .combustion chamber to the secondary combustion chamber and means delivering gases containing oxygen at least as a portion thereof to support combustion of the combustible gases received from the primary combustion chamber in the secondary combustion chamber; and-cooperative means receiving and utilizing the heat of the hot gases'formed in the secondary combustion chamber; the means, for delivery of moisture containing combustible material including passage therefor adjacent heat transfer wall means between said passage and said conductive means.

10. The method of heat production by combustion including: in connection with primary combustion space and secondary combustion space; supplying primary carbonaceous fuel into the primary combustion space, delivering limited oxygen containing fluid for incomplete combustion in the primary combustion space and production of combustible gases, delivering moisture containing combustible material to the primary combustion space, delivering oxygen containing fluid to the secondary combustion space for substantially complete combustion of combustible gases passing therein; passing hot gases from the secondary combustion space for heat transfer in heat utilization means; the moisture containing combustible material, in passage to theprimary combustion space receiving heat transfer thereto by heat transfer through through heat transfer intervening wall means.

1]. The apparatus for heat production including: means forming a carbonaceous fuel combustion chamber with means delivering carbonaceous fuel thereto; means forming a flow passage for moisture containing material and having a spout means for ejection of material therefrom into the carbonaceous fuel in the carbonaceous fuel combustion chamber; means delivering oxygen contained fluid to the carbonaceous fuel combustion chamber in limited quantity proportion for incomplete combustion of fuel in the carbonaceous fuel combustion chamber; gas conductive passage from the carbonaceous fuel combustion chamber to a combustible gas combustion chamber and additional oxygen containing fluid supply to said combustible gas combustion chamber to support substantially complete combustion of combustible gases and any contained combustible material in said combustible gas combustion chamber; means passing hot gases from said combustible gas combustion chamber and for heat utilization in accessory heat transfer means and; heat transfer means interposed in said gas conductive passage to heat the moisture containing material for conversion of the moisture containing materialto evaporated fluid and substantially dry particles.

12 12. The apparatus for heat production including: a primary combustion chamber, a'secondary combustion chamber; means to provide measured passage of carbonaceous fuel to said primary combustion chamber; means to provide measured, passage of moisture contained combustible material from a supply thereof and to the primary combustion chamber, means to provide measured passage of fluid having at least a proportion of oxygen to said primary combustion chamber to support limited combustion in said primary combustion chamber with conversion of at least a portion of materials in the primary combustion chamber to combustible gases; means for passage of the gasesformed in the primary combustion chamber to said secondary combustion chamber; means for passage of fluid having at least a proportion of oxygen to saidsecondary combustion chamber to support substantially complete combustion of combustible gases and any contained combustible matter passing to said secondary combustion chamber; utilization means receiving hot gases from the secondary combustion chamber for utilization of heat contained therein; the means for supply of moisture contained combustible material to said primary combustion chamber including heat transfer means by which some of the heat of the gasesflowing from the primary combustion chamber is transfered to the moisture contained material passing to the primary combustion chamber.

13. Apparatus for the production of heat for heat utilization means and including: primary combustion chamber means, secondary combustion chamber means;'combustion gas passage between the primary combustion chamber means and the secondary combustion chamber means; supply means including supply of carbonaceous fuel to the primary combustion chamber means, supply of moisture contained combustible matter to the primary combustion chamber; supply of oxygen contained fluid as air to the primary combustion chamber means for limited combustion therein; supply of oxygen contained fluid as air to the secondary combustion chamber means to support substantially complete combustion of gases and matter which are combustible and passing therein; utilization means to receive hot gases from the secondary combustion chamber means forutilization of heat therein contained;and heat transfer means including heat absorption channel means for passage of the moisture contained combustible matter as it moves to the primary combustion chamber means; and including hot gas channel means for passage of hot gases from the primary combustion chamber means to the secondary combustion chamber means.

14. The apparatus for heat production including: a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber; means toprovide measured passage of carbonaceous fuel to said primary combustion chamber; means to provide measured passage of moisture contained combustion material from a supply thereof and to the primary combustion chamber means to provide measured passage of fluid having at least a proportion of oxygen to said primary combustion chamber to sup port limited combustion in said primary combustion chamber with conversion of at least a portion of materials in the primary combustion chamber to combustible gases; means for passage of the gases formed in the primary combustion chamber to said secondary com: bustion chamber; means for passage of fluid having at least a proportion of oxygen to said secondary combustion chamber to support substantially complete combustion of combustible gases and any contained combustible matter passing to said secondary combustion chamber; utilization means receiving hot gases from the secondary combustion chamber for utilization of heat contained therein; the means for supply of moisture contained combustible material to said primary combustion chamber including heat transfer means by which some of the heat of the gases flowing from the primary combustion chamber is transfered to the moisture contained combustible material passing to the primary combustion chamber to convert the moisture of the moisture contained combustible material to volatilze moisture as steam at high heat prior to its ejection from the means to provide measured passage thereof to the primary combustion chamber.

15. An apparatus for heat production comprising: a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a means for delivery of carbonaceous material to the primary combustion chamber and means for delivery of air to the primary combustion chamber for limited incomplete combustion of the carbonaceous material therein; a means for delivery of moisture containing combustible material to the primary combustion chamber in quantity for heat reaction with hot carbonaceous material in the primary combustion chamber to produce gaseous combustible fluids; conductive means passing the gases formed in the primary combustion chamber to the secondary combustion chamber and means delivering gases containing oxygen at least as a portion thereof to support combustion of the combustible gases received from the primary combustion chamber in the secondary combustion chamber; and cooperative means receiving and utilizing the heat of the hot gases formed in the secondary combustion chamber; the said conductive means having interposed therein heat transfer channel means with flow therethrough of combustible gases and other material from the primary combustion chamber, and having in heat transfer relation therewith channel means by which the flow of combustible material is heated and moisture is heated prior to delivery to the primary combustion chamber.

16. Apparatus for the production of heat for heat utilization means and including. primary combustion chamber means, secondary combustion chamber means; combustion gas passage between the primary combustion chamber means and the secondary combustion chamber means; supply means including supply of carbonaceous fuel to the primary combustion chamber means, supply of moisture contained combustible matter to the primary combustion chamber means; supply' of oxygen contained fluid as air to the primary combustion chamber means for limited combustion therein; supply of oxygen contained fluid as air to the secondary combustion chamber means to support substantially complete combustion of gases and matter which are combustible and passing therein; utilization means to receive hot gases from the secondary combustion chamber means for utilization of heat therein contained; the utilization means being further defined as work fluid heat absorption and kinetic energy production means utilizing expansion of work flui 

1. Apparatus for the production of heat for heat utilization means including primary combustion chamber means, secondary combustion chamber means; primary supply means to deliver carbonaceous fuel to the primary combustion chamber means; secondary supply means to deliver moisture containing combustible matter to the primary combustion chamber means; heat transfer means included in the secondary supply means and formed to have aDjacent channels in heat transfer relation by intermediate walls; a part of the adjacent channels forming passage in the secondary supply means through which the moisture contained combustible matter passes to absorb heat, a part of the adjacent channels forming passage between the primary combustion chamber means and the secondary combustion chamber means for passage of gases formed in the primary combustion chamber means, the gases in passing releasing part of their heat for transfer through the intermediate walls to the moisture contained combustible matter; supply of oxygen containing fluid as air to the primary combustion chamber means for limited combustion therein; supply of oxygen containing fluid as air to the secondary combustion chamber means to support substantially complete combustion of gases or particles of combustible matter passing therein from the primary combustion chamber means; discharge means from the secondary combustion chamber means to deliver gases to utilization means.
 2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 and; said adjacent channels being formed between parallel walls of heat conductive material and including at least one channel for passage of moisture contained combustible matter, and at least one channel for passing of hot gases from said primary combustion chamber means; the supply means for supply of carbonaceous fuel having measuring means to deliver carbonaceous fuel in measured quantity per unit of time; the supply of moisture contained matter having measuring means to deliver moisture contained combustible matter in measured quantity per unit of time.
 3. Apparatus for production of heat for heat utilization means and comprising: primary combustion chamber means, secondary combustion chamber means; heat transfer channels between the primary combustion chamber means and the secondary combustion means with heat transfer walls intermediately of the channels by which there is some heat transfer, primary supply means and metering means by which there is measured delivery of carbonaceous fuel to the primary combustion chamber means per unit of time; secondary supply means and metering means by which there is measured delivery of moisture contained matter to one end of part of said heat transfer channels and thereby to the primary combustion chamber means after heat absorption; part of said heat transfer channels forming connection passage between the primary combustion chamber means and the secondary combustion chamber means for passage of hot gases from the primary combustion chamber means to the secondary combustion chamber means; primary air supply to the primary combustion chamber means; secondary oxygen contained fluid supply to the secondary combustion chamber means; means by which ash is removed from the primary combustion chamber means.
 4. The apparatus as defined in claim 3, and: heat utilization means to receive hot gases from the secondary combustion chamber means; heat transfer means for removal of at least part of remainder heat after heat utilization in the heat utilization means; said last named heat transfer means including means whereby the heat so removed is absorbed by the air inducted as air supply.
 5. The apparatus as defined in claim 3 and; work fluid generation means by which a work fluid is heated and pressure generated by hot gases received by heat transfer from the secondary combustion chamber means ;heat conversion by which a major part of heat of the work fluid is converted to kinetic energy; work fluid contraction means in association with air induction means by which heat of work fluid, after kinetic energy production, is abstracted from the work fluid for absorption by air inducted by the air induction means for the air supply means for passage to the primary combustion chamber means for combustion therein.
 6. The means as defined in claim 1 having association and relation such that moisture of the material of the secondary supply means is heated sufficiently to convert the moisture contained thereiN to volatized hot fluid for ejection with any matter contained therein to the primary combustion chamber.
 7. The apparatus as defined in claim 3 and there being controlled limitation of the primary supply of oxygen contained fluid to the primary combustion chamber with a resultant reaction occurrence producing reaction between hot carbon in the primary combustion chamber and the moisture fluid to convert at least a part of such material to carbon monoxide and hydrogen or hydrogen contained material as gaseous matter for delivery to the secondary combustion chamber.
 8. An apparatus for heat and power generation comprising: a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a means for delivery of carbonaceous material to the primary combustion chamber and means for delivery of air to the primary combustion chamber for limited incomplete combustion of the carbonaceous material therein; a means for delivery of moisture containing material to the primary combustion chamber in quantity for heat reaction with hot carbonaceous material in the primary combustion chamber to produce gaseous combustible fluids; conductive means passing the gases formed in the primary combustion chamber to the secondary combustion chamber and means delivering gases containing oxygen at least as a portion thereof to support combustion of the combustible gases received from the primary combustion chamber in the secondary combustion chamber; and utilization means comprising, work fluid heat absorption and kinetic energy production means utilizing expansion of work fluid therein and received from the work fluid heat absorption.
 9. An apparatus for heat production comprising: a a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a means for delivery of carbonaceous material to the primary combustion chamber and means for delivery of air to the primary combustion chamber for limited incomplete combustion of the carbonaceous material therein; a means for delivery of moisture containing combustible material to the primary combustion chamber in quantity for heat reaction with hot carbonaceous material in the primary combustion chamber to produce gaseous combustible fluids; conductive means passing the gases formed in the primary combustion chamber to the secondary combustion chamber and means delivering gases containing oxygen at least as a portion thereof to support combustion of the combustible gases received from the primary combustion chamber in the secondary combustion chamber; and cooperative means receiving and utilizing the heat of the hot gases formed in the secondary combustion chamber; the means for delivery of moisture containing combustible material including passage therefor adjacent heat transfer wall means between said passage and said conductive means.
 10. The method of heat production by combustion including: in connection with primary combustion space and secondary combustion space; supplying primary carbonaceous fuel into the primary combustion space, delivering limited oxygen containing fluid for incomplete combustion in the primary combustion space and production of combustible gases, delivering moisture containing combustible material to the primary combustion space, delivering oxygen containing fluid to the secondary combustion space for substantially complete combustion of combustible gases passing therein; passing hot gases from the secondary combustion space for heat transfer in heat utilization means; the moisture containing combustible material, in passage to the primary combustion space receiving heat transfer thereto by heat transfer through through heat transfer intervening wall means.
 11. The apparatus for heat production including: means forming a carbonaceous fuel combustion chamber with means delivering carbonaceous fuel thereto; means forming a flow passage for moisture containing material and having a spout means for ejection of material therefrom into the carbonaceous fuel in the carbonaceous fuel combustion chamber; means delivering oxygen coNtained fluid to the carbonaceous fuel combustion chamber in limited quantity proportion for incomplete combustion of fuel in the carbonaceous fuel combustion chamber; gas conductive passage from the carbonaceous fuel combustion chamber to a combustible gas combustion chamber and additional oxygen containing fluid supply to said combustible gas combustion chamber to support substantially complete combustion of combustible gases and any contained combustible material in said combustible gas combustion chamber; means passing hot gases from said combustible gas combustion chamber and for heat utilization in accessory heat transfer means and; heat transfer means interposed in said gas conductive passage to heat the moisture containing material for conversion of the moisture containing material to evaporated fluid and substantially dry particles.
 12. The apparatus for heat production including: a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber; means to provide measured passage of carbonaceous fuel to said primary combustion chamber; means to provide measured passage of moisture contained combustible material from a supply thereof and to the primary combustion chamber, means to provide measured passage of fluid having at least a proportion of oxygen to said primary combustion chamber to support limited combustion in said primary combustion chamber with conversion of at least a portion of materials in the primary combustion chamber to combustible gases; means for passage of the gases formed in the primary combustion chamber to said secondary combustion chamber; means for passage of fluid having at least a proportion of oxygen to said secondary combustion chamber to support substantially complete combustion of combustible gases and any contained combustible matter passing to said secondary combustion chamber; utilization means receiving hot gases from the secondary combustion chamber for utilization of heat contained therein; the means for supply of moisture contained combustible material to said primary combustion chamber including heat transfer means by which some of the heat of the gases flowing from the primary combustion chamber is transfered to the moisture contained material passing to the primary combustion chamber.
 13. Apparatus for the production of heat for heat utilization means and including: primary combustion chamber means, secondary combustion chamber means; combustion gas passage between the primary combustion chamber means and the secondary combustion chamber means; supply means including supply of carbonaceous fuel to the primary combustion chamber means, supply of moisture contained combustible matter to the primary combustion chamber; supply of oxygen contained fluid as air to the primary combustion chamber means for limited combustion therein; supply of oxygen contained fluid as air to the secondary combustion chamber means to support substantially complete combustion of gases and matter which are combustible and passing therein; utilization means to receive hot gases from the secondary combustion chamber means for utilization of heat therein contained; and heat transfer means including heat absorption channel means for passage of the moisture contained combustible matter as it moves to the primary combustion chamber means; and including hot gas channel means for passage of hot gases from the primary combustion chamber means to the secondary combustion chamber means.
 14. The apparatus for heat production including: a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber; means to provide measured passage of carbonaceous fuel to said primary combustion chamber; means to provide measured passage of moisture contained combustion material from a supply thereof and to the primary combustion chamber means to provide measured passage of fluid having at least a proportion of oxygen to said primary combustion chamber to support limited combustion in said primary combustion chamber with conversion of at least a portion of materials in the primary combuStion chamber to combustible gases; means for passage of the gases formed in the primary combustion chamber to said secondary combustion chamber; means for passage of fluid having at least a proportion of oxygen to said secondary combustion chamber to support substantially complete combustion of combustible gases and any contained combustible matter passing to said secondary combustion chamber; utilization means receiving hot gases from the secondary combustion chamber for utilization of heat contained therein; the means for supply of moisture contained combustible material to said primary combustion chamber including heat transfer means by which some of the heat of the gases flowing from the primary combustion chamber is transfered to the moisture contained combustible material passing to the primary combustion chamber to convert the moisture of the moisture contained combustible material to volatilze moisture as steam at high heat prior to its ejection from the means to provide measured passage thereof to the primary combustion chamber.
 15. An apparatus for heat production comprising: a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a means for delivery of carbonaceous material to the primary combustion chamber and means for delivery of air to the primary combustion chamber for limited incomplete combustion of the carbonaceous material therein; a means for delivery of moisture containing combustible material to the primary combustion chamber in quantity for heat reaction with hot carbonaceous material in the primary combustion chamber to produce gaseous combustible fluids; conductive means passing the gases formed in the primary combustion chamber to the secondary combustion chamber and means delivering gases containing oxygen at least as a portion thereof to support combustion of the combustible gases received from the primary combustion chamber in the secondary combustion chamber; and cooperative means receiving and utilizing the heat of the hot gases formed in the secondary combustion chamber; the said conductive means having interposed therein heat transfer channel means with flow therethrough of combustible gases and other material from the primary combustion chamber, and having in heat transfer relation therewith channel means by which the flow of combustible material is heated and moisture is heated prior to delivery to the primary combustion chamber.
 16. Apparatus for the production of heat for heat utilization means and including. primary combustion chamber means, secondary combustion chamber means; combustion gas passage between the primary combustion chamber means and the secondary combustion chamber means; supply means including supply of carbonaceous fuel to the primary combustion chamber means, supply of moisture contained combustible matter to the primary combustion chamber means; supply of oxygen contained fluid as air to the primary combustion chamber means for limited combustion therein; supply of oxygen contained fluid as air to the secondary combustion chamber means to support substantially complete combustion of gases and matter which are combustible and passing therein; utilization means to receive hot gases from the secondary combustion chamber means for utilization of heat therein contained; the utilization means being further defined as work fluid heat absorption and kinetic energy production means utilizing expansion of work fluid therein and received from the work fluid heat absorption; the utilization means being further defined as including work fluid condensation means in heat transfer relation with the supply of oxygen contained fluid as air flowing therein for combustion reaction in the process of heat production. 